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CA
See Certificate Authority
CAFE
Conditional Access For Europe: Design for a European-wide smart card application.
Caion
The name stands for Casino All-in-One. To make the processes in casinos more efficient, operations are moving towards cash-free gaming. Caion is a terminal that books deposited cash to a player’s account and issues a magnetic card. The credit from this card can be used to play on the various machines. The account can always be topped up with the Caion. It can also change large banknotes into smaller denominations. Winnings booked to the card can be paid out at the terminal in notes and coins. Caion also accepts winning tickets with a barcode.
Card body
In order to meet the requirements for daily use, the material used to make a card must stand up to the extreme stress exerted on it by the environment, electrostatic discharges, and temperature variations. Bending and shearing tests are especially important because the fragile chip must be protected against mechanical strains to which the elastic card is exposed. Card bodies may be produced using various techniques. Two common methods of card production are lamination and injection molding. Laminating, also referred to as calendering, involves assembling the card from a number of separate foils, which are then plasticized by applying extreme pressure and heat. Afterwards, a cavity is milled into the body to hold the chip. During injection molding, card bodies are formed as a whole from molten plastic injected into a mold.
Card issuer
The entity responsible for issuing cards. With single-application cards, the card issuer is usually also the application provider, but this need not necessarily be the case.
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Card mask
Functions in the smart card that are permanently saved and serve to perform commands. Also known as the smart card operating system (SCOS).
Card reader
An electrical and mechanical device of simple construction that can receive a smart card and make electric contact with them. In contrast to terminals, card readers have no display or keypad. Despite the name, card readers can usually also be used to write data onto the card.
Cardlet
See Applet
Cash lifecycle
Complete system covering all stations that banknotes run through during their lifecycle: National banks, commercial banks, automated teller machines, consumer, point of sale, cash center, etc.
Cash recirculation
This means that banks and companies can pay out banknotes that have been sorted for fitness without any additional checks by the central bank.
Cash-in machine
Cash deposit machine
CashRay®
The CashRay® 90 and CashRay® 180 are long and short edge measuring sensors for the reliable identification of banknotes of various currencies and formats. Areas of use: for integration into all types of self-service and behind-the-counter cash handling systems used for cash-in or cash recycling functions.
Castella®
Deposit terminal for back offices – secure and fast deposit of cash in central back offices in retail trade, shopping centers, casinos, restaurant and fast food chains, large events, etc.
Cavity
A recess in a card body, usually produced by milling, into which the chip module is implanted.
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CCC
Common Chip Card - telephone card that can be used in different countries. This was first implemented in 1994 in Germany and the Netherlands. In 1995, Switzerland and then Great Britain joined in.
CCC
Abbreviation for China Compulsory Certification
The Chinese test authority for product safety checks the electric safety and the electromagnetic compatibility of imported machines.
CCITT
The Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Télèphonique is an international committee for telephone and telegraph services and is based in Geneva. The task of the committee is, among other things, the international standardization of data and telephone transmissions.
CDMA
Abbreviation for "Code Division Multiple Access" – CDMA was the leading mobile communication standard in the USA in the year 2000. Everywhere else uses the GSM standard (Global System for Mobile communications).
CE/CE mark
Abbreviation for "Communauté Européenne" – the “CE” conformity mark from the European Union can be used since January 1, 1993 to mark active and passive components that meet the existing EMC guidelines. Since January 1, 1996, the CE conformity is legally binding. All electric and electronic devices must have the CE mark since this date, this includes all data networks and their passive components such as cables, distributors, patch cables, etc.
CEN
The European standards organization Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN) in Brussels, Belgium, comprises the national standards organizations in all European countries and is the official EU institution for European standards.
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CEPT
The Conférence Européenne des Postes et Télécommunications is a European standards organization for the national telecommunication companies.
Certificate
A certificate, in this example, is a public key that has been digitally signed by a trustworthy entity so that this can be recognized as authentic. The most widely spread and best known determination of the design and coding of certificates is the X.509 standard.
Certificate Authority (CA)
A certificate authority is a certification office that assures or vouches for the public keys in digital signatures. The CA uses its secret key to sign the public keys for the user and, if necessary, makes the signed public key available in a directory. The CA can generate the necessary key pairs (secret and public keys) itself.
Certification body
The body responsible for issuing the certificate and ensuring the correct identity of the certificate owner. Certification bodies are often financial institutes and government agencies.
Challenge response
Authentication procedure in which the object to be authenticated receives a random number (the challenge) and then returns a second number, the response.
Charge card
Payment card with which the card owner receives a bill for the charged amounts at a pre-determined time. This is currently the situation with most of the Euro cards in Germany, for example. The international term “credit card” is normally only used for those cards that offer a real credit (with installment payment possibilities and interest charges).
Chargeback
Cost factor for the processing center and/or card remittee if, for example, a card owner disputes having made a transaction.
Checksum
To check the intactness of a data range, all data in this range are added (usually exclusively or linked) and the result, or the checksum, is compared to the saved checksum.
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Chip card
The youngest and most intelligent member of the card family. These offer many advantages compared to the widely used magstripe cards. They offer considerably higher memory capacity, and data can be secured against undesired access and manipulation. Chip cards with an active micro controller – the smart cards or processor cards – also offer the possibility of performing cryptographic algorithms for encryption and authentication; this makes them the ideal compact security module for your wallet. Crypto cards – chip cards equipped with a high-performance coprocessor – also allow for the fast processing of complex operations as required for a digital signature.
CHP
Cash handling products: Monetty® 40, BanknoteStrapper, BanknotePacker, BanknoteBander, BanknoteCanceler.
CIT
Cash-in-transit company
CITs normally operate their own Cash Center in which the money retrieved from retail companies is counted, sorted, and accounted. The Compass CM software supports the internal process and ensures higher efficiency.
CLA
Class byte for chip card commands according to ISO 7816-4
Clearing system
A background system with computers that assumes the central accounting in the scope of an application for electronic payments.
CLK
Clock: chip card contact C3, carrying timing signals.
Cloning
Attacking a smart card system by making a complete copy of microcontroller’s ROM and EEPROM.
Closed application
Application on a smartcard that is only available to the application owner and cannot be generally used.
Closed purse
Realization of a closed application for an electronic purse. This can only be used in the scope released by the application owner and cannot be used for general payment actions.
CLS
Card life status: A new status byte, different than SW1 and SW2, introduced in 7816/4.
CNAM
Caisse Nationale d´Assurance Maladie (French National Health Insurance Service)
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Color shift
This is a change in the colors when the angle of observation is changed. For example: The changing color on the 50 euro banknote.
Color shift effect
See color shift
Color shift thread
This is a security thread that changes colors when the angle of observation is changed.
Combicard
See dual-interface card
COMP128
Authentication algorithm used in cryptographic commands (especially by the G/M² MoU).
CompassCM®
Cash center management software that automates the procedures in the cash center.
Software variants: CompassCM, CompassEntréeCM, CompassCasinoCM, CompassRetailCM, CompassCentralCM
Compile
Translation of instructions written in a programming language into machine language, which can then be executed by a processor.
Compiler
A compiler is a program that translates a programming language such as BASIC or C into a machine language that can be executed by a processor. When the compiling is finished, the program normally has to be linked with a linker.
Completion
Completion of an operating system consists of loading the portion located in the EEPROM. This allows the operating system to be modified and adapted subsequently without requiring production of a new ROM mask. Since completion involves writing identical data on each smart card, it is principally a form of initialization.
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Confidentiality
This ensures that a message cannot be read by anyone other than the intended recipient. Confidentiality plays a main role in cryptography systems.
Contact-based card
A card that transfers power and data between the chip on the card and the card reader via an electrical terminal consisting of six to eight gold-plated contacts.
Contactless smart card
The advantage of contactless smart cards is their time-saving capability of being handled “in passing”. Doing so requires only that one pass the plastic card within a few centimeters of the reader. The embedded processor receives the necessary energy by a process of inductive coupling across an integrated loop. This works much like the transfer of power through a transformer. Even the data is transmitted via a modulated, high-frequency magnetic field. Because such transactions only take a few hundred milliseconds, contactless cards are ideal for applications involving large numbers of people, such as public transportation, parking garage toll booth, at the entrance to an office building, or at a ski lift. The corresponding readers are less sensitive to many environmental conditions and, in particular, vandalism. One of the first such applications is the “Fly Without a Ticket” service introduced by German airline Lufthansa.
Copper LEAD®
Holographic LEAD® stripe on banknotes with a metallization out of copper. Example: the banknotes of Sudan.
Copy request
Request for a copy of the payment receipt. If there are disputed credit card transactions, the original or a copy of the receipt can be used as evidence.
Core foil
see inlet foil
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COS
The term COS (card operating system) has been established world wide as the description of chip card operating systems. This is often a component of the product name (such as STARCOS, MPCOS, ...).
Cotton, cotton combings
Raw material for the manufacture of banknote paper
Counterfeit suspicion
If one or more features of the BPS system cannot be measured correctly, the banknote is suspected to be counterfeit. The manual inspection operator must establish whether the note really is counterfeit or not.
Country code thread
Polyester thread with a text element (normally the name of the country) and/or the national flag shown alternately.
Covert barcode
This is a hidden and/or encrypted code element allowing the currency, denomination, series, and even the production lot to be identified. Detection is by sensors on the currency processing systems. The introduction of this new feature is aimed primarily at making the logistics of cash payment systems both more secure and more efficient. For example: Barcode with fluorescent or IR color that cannot be detected until this has been hit with UV or IR light.
CQL
Card query language; a partial amount of the structured query language (SQ)L introduced on an intelligent card.
Credit card
A card, with or without a chip, that indicates that the holder has been extended credit, and with which payment takes place some time after the goods and services have been received. Credit cards work on the principle of “buy now, pay later.” The most classic example is an embossed credit card.
Crypto Coprocessor
Additional processor that supports complex calculations in cryptographic functions. Especially in smart cards that are being used more and more in security-relevant areas, this serves to considerably increase the performance.
Cryptographic algorithm
A cryptographic algorithm is a computational rule with at least one secret parameter (key) that can be used to encrypt or decrypt data. There are symmetric algorithms (DES, for example) that use the same key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric algorithms (RSA, for example) that use a public key for encryption and a private (secret) key for decryption.
Cryptography
The main objective of cryptography is maintaining the secrecy and integrity of information and the authentication of network components and participants. Authenticity of information is of crucial importance in modern communication networks. Until the 1960’s, cryptography was the domain of news and intelligence services. Since then, this field has become established as a mainstream science at universities and research institutes, with the aim of developing and promoting innovative algorithms and security procedures.
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CSS
1. Cash center solutions
Products:
- BPS® systems
- BDS systems
Software:
- CompassCM®
- iCom
- eiManagerTM
- MIS
Banknote packing systems
- NotaPack®
2. Cash point solutions
Products:
- Numeron®
- Castella®
- Caion®
- Lobby® 90
- BIM 20x0
- CashRay® 90 and 180
- LBCI
- PIDSY®
- all cash handling products
3. Security Features
Products:
- Security features
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Currency Processing and Services
G&D develops and supplies solutions for counting, checking, and sorting banknotes. Depending on the configuration, the banknotes can also be banded online and then bundled or destroyed if necessary. The G&D banknote processing systems are not only used in national and commercial banks, but just about everywhere where larger amounts of cash circulate; for example in retail trade, in shopping malls, hotels, casinos, cash-in-transit companies, and many more. The highly developed measurement technologies used to evaluate the authenticity and condition of the banknotes are constantly being adapted to the current market requirements and new security features.
Cylinder mold
A papermaking process used to produce banknotes and high quality security papers. Unlike the Fourdrinier (endless wire) process, paper production using a cylinder mold makes it possible to create multitone, finely modulated watermarks with a three-dimensional effect as well as window security threads.
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